onsdag 31 mars 2010

Quantum observer theory. Brain modelling V.

There is going on a paradigm shift in biosciences that is as revolutionary as when Earth once was put aside from the center of Universe. This time it is our Selves that must be divided from our bodies. Our self is no longer in our brain, but outside it, orchestrating the body. This is done through a window of awareness, creating the illusion that it is our body doing all these things. But the curtain is not tight. We can see through it, if we only realize it is that we do. Some of those phenomen are as simple as dreaming, other are paranormal as psychokinesy and poltergaist phenomen. Time concept changes and many-world concepts arrive. One of the earliest to understand this was Evan Harris Walker.

Walkers consciousness theory.
In his book, The Physics of Consciousness, Walker quoted Einstein as follows: Warning: In Quantum Mechanics, the results of any action are determined by the observer rather than any Newtonian law of physics and, if this phenomenon is true in three dimensions, it must also be true in the fourth! how we would know if someone ever actually changed history retroactively as that new history would be all we remember. He said there would be some subtle indicator or something that looked like a coincidence.

He originated the ‘Quantum Observer Theory’ relating to state vector collapse that is of significance to parapsychology. Both of these theories have been supported by extensive and predicted experimental results. He has also contributed to the fields of neurophysiology, specifically to the mechanism of synaptic functioning, and in psychology to understanding optical illusion phenomena.

What is consciousness and psi phenomena?
Who are we; what are we; why are we here?” When we ask, “What is the nature of consciousness"; can neither science nor religion explain who am I? In Walker’s opinion, his answer to this question incidentally also answers the question: what are psi phenomena; what are their cause? Psi phenomena have been incorporated into a theory known as the Quantum Observer Theory of Psi Phenomena.

Walker insist on the importance of looking beyond materialism. Through the development of physics, from Newton's laws to Bell's inequalities and EPR paradox he argues for the importance of consciousness for the understanding of quantum theory, and especially for the measurement problem. New solutions to problems within physics might help resolve philosophical problems with materialism; perhaps, for example, by radically altering the physical terms, and especially the time concept is a reason to stagging developement. The many-worlds idea needs also attention. He underline the primacy of the subjective over the objective, a new, radical idea. This has relevance for the time concept, as well as for the consciousness and self. Ego and matter are important as entangling tools?

There is nothing new in the suggestion that there are difficulties with quantum mechanics and that those difficulties may have something to do with the idea of an "observer". But there we stagger, it is not so easy to go further. We have to look at things with new eyes. Let's give it a try.

"Only in the most exceptional circumstances do we ever find quantum mechanical effects entering the macroscopic world", is his statement, and in fact, if the fundamental laws of physics are quantum mechanical, then every physical effect is quantum mechanical to some degree. Quantum mechanics infects every physical structure at every level.

Walker attempts to tie together quantum theory and neuroscience by arguing that quantum tunnelling has a vital role in synaptic transmission. The synaptic vesicle release is an ordinary biochemical process triggered by an electrochemically-driven influx of calcium into the pre-synaptic neuron , calciumwaves (Suedhof & Scheller, 2001), and its effectivity is bound to magnetic fields through the cyclotrone frequencies (Liboff). In photosynthesis we have also seen that quantum tunnelling is at work. In ATPase there are proton transfer, and the chirality is one regulator (electrostasis). Enzymes are particularly important for this regulation, often coupled to vitamins and coenzymes.

The unpredictability comes from the entire history of uncertain scatterings and interactions at the molecular level and below. In conventional quantum-mechanical terms, if it never "collapsed" at any other moment, the quantum state of the brain would have to "collapse" at a great number of synaptic firings (synchronously?) in order to make each of those firings definitely happen at moments definite in biological terms. In this task is the inhibition very important, creating some kind of resistance in the tissues. Non-linear, non-dissipative states arise; the hallmark of life?

He wanted to "integrate synaptic firings into a single quantum mechanical conscious existence". To do this, he built on the idea of quantum tunnelling at synapses. "This requires the electrons which are involved in synaptic tunnelling, going on to jump from synapse to synapse using soluble RNA molecules as stepping stones". The classical picture of an electron as a hopping object and a quantum picture of its wavefunction are both invoked in the picture. The electron wavefunction in the brain is an irreducibly many-body object that reduce the degrees of freedom very strongly. Neural electrons are indistinguishable not just in the sense that they are all identical, but also in the sense that, on biological timescales, they are inseparably entangled. Walker refers to "interlaced collections of quantum potentialities weaving together the possibilities". He has also a non-linear modification to the Schroedinger equation. The cat cannot be both dead and alive in biology.

The theory of consciousness proposed by Eccles (1986) also suggests an influence of mind on quantum uncertainties at synapses.

Free will.
Walker claims that quantum possibilities allow us a non-illusory free will, stating that "for will to have any meaning, it must be possible for the mind to affect events - for the mind to control the body".
Mind decides among the elements of a quantum superposition, say in a receptor. Where do the mind keeps the computational power required for this decision making? If in the brain, the brain should be capable of detecting and analysing the structure of an uncollapsed superposition so as to match the willed choice to the collapsed outcome. Maybe that is the readiness potential? The choice seems to be made before that interaction comes into play. If the decision making is extra-bodily, then we have a new homunculus problem? We have transported the observer outside our body? If it is "observers" who bring about "collapses", then our conventional picture of the universe may be radically incorrect.

Evolutionary forces wrong too?
The universe could have continued as a vastly complicated superposition (implicit order by Bohm) until such time as entirely physical processes allowed observers to evolve within some part of that superposition. Not until that time would it seem to be necessary for any "collapse" to occur (explicit order). The materialization and evolution can go very fast then. Evolution jumps. What drives the jumps? When we look at that question we see that the physics need to be renewed too. It is the Physics in the boundary of life that is so otherwise, the physics at low temp., near 0 Hz magnetic frequencies, the Planck constant and cosmological constant problem etc. A new world will rise from the ruins of our old reductionistic science. A quantum world?


There is a hierachical order of terms which may describe the organization of living systems. On the base, is matter itself, then energy, then the distribution of energy over the matter (entropy). This induces and describes what we call "potential" information, after which we arrive at its highest organizational form, what we call "consciousness" Popp, F.A. Memory and morphogenic fields are somewhere in between.

A central task of an interpretation of quantum mechanics is to explain how and at what level quantum unpredictability is resolved. Here TGD has done a great job.

Macroscopic systems, and microscopic.
When we look at macroscopic systems we use a measure apparatus, also macroscopic, that only sample in quite big bits, and we have no tool to look at those measurement results further. We only have to accept them. The wavefunction is not usually seen. Only in certain conditions we can see it, as in low temp. physics. Supratransition also happen at higher temp. Von Neumann has talked about this problem. EPR paradox and Bells inequalities are also effects of this kind. In nature we usually see a Gaussian distribution that reflects the quantum basic physic? A big part of the problem is our measurement technique, and its low resolution properties. It has no transparency. It is not necessarily the nature that don't respond, it is we that don't percieve it.

Quantum consciousness in metaphysics and altered state consciousness.
In metaphysics are the chakras as instance. They are not material, and they can be experienced. Different chakras has a different frequency, and that would mean a different 'memory' or 'message', also experienced as emotion. Emotions are cognitions. I have experienced those chakras, and when I come to number 6 and 7 (especially) I clearly can feel how my face fleet in waves. It is a very sweet feeling. Some day ago I realised that Shivas dance was just this experience of a fleeting, wavelike existence. Let a magnetic wave go through your body (transverse) and you can imagine the effects.

Also out of body experience is about this. The peculiar thing is that you can actually see. Without brain? You can see yourself sitting there on the chair and the one sitting there know of nothing. While you are up there levitating, and know everything, and it is too a floating existence I have experienced myself.

When something bad happens you can feel this too. Suddenly your feet doesn't obey you. You simply sack and fall. You don't swim, don't get an epileptic attack, but something like that.

Time is also like this. It comes and goes. In trauma situations a second is so long, or the opposite. Flow is when time feels as nothing at all. Your inner, personal, subjective clock doesn't always follow the official, objective time. Time may also go in 'slow motion'. Yet we can have a very fast transmission of cognitions in these moments. Subjective time may also go to 'the dark quantum side'? Time is a trickster. Everyone has experienced this. Or take an animal that with an accuracy of minutes can know when it is time for dinner, or when you come home. How is that done?

What part has the consciousness in this? Is it quantum mechanical and non-local entanglement? Correlations are results of that kind of entangled systems, as Walker said. The correlations can be spatial or temporal. Or non-tidal, eternal. This is very much like the psi phenomenon. In fact psi would be predicted by quantum mechanics,if we would not have knownof them before. Psi phenomen is obligatory, in fact.

Michael Persinger, Todd Murphy, etc. has done research on this.

We experience consciousness and self diffusely, and empathy and compassion often goes outside our bodies, when we feel how it would be to be 'in their shoes' (mirrorneurons). In out of body experiences we levitate up in space, and the picture of God is often as Gods eye above us. God can be thought of as looking into the world from all angles around the room, and be different from the system within which we are acting.

The use of vision as a metaphor (I like that particularly well) for knowing and consciousness creates a distance or split between what is called the subjective I (a disembodied consciousness) and one or more selves. We can also locate self-consciousness in a place one imaginatively steps back to, or up to. The feelings and emotions going on in one's bodily self can be displyed or hided, taken a distance to (disentangle from), or it can extend compassion to parts of the self. As instance in an accident sometimes happen that people gets incredible strength,or pain can be left in emergency situations, giving mor energy for other things. Compassion can be given to the abused child that I was once. Forgiveness can be given to already dead parents etc.

In this disentangled state (from our subselves) we can 'look around' and notice other systems, imagine other ways of doing things and ask, "What if...?" This wider consciousness opens up the possibility of making other choices or actings according to different principles, that is, the possibility of having free will.

Chaos can also achieve a disentanglement through forceful fields that break the entanglements. This is done through strong emotions, pain, psychoses etc. The emotions widen the behavioral field (inhibition loss), often with bad consequences. In the oppurtinities to make different choices Walker saw the brain as a chaos-operator. Some few random-processes in the braincircuits can give a cascade of different new effects and in that way amplify and give forceful effects on the consciousness. In states of strong entanglement no such effects are seen, but brain inhibits changes and acts as a stabilizer. Personality and ego is also stabilizing.

In schizophrenia is seen that a weak ego sometimes is strongly correlated to psychoses. The ego is the degree of entanglement between the subselves. In cases of a bipersonal disorder there has chrystalized two different persons, often radially different, as in 'Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde'.

The analogy to 'the third eye' is very close. It is a diffuse eye; ordinary eye is a very strict sense. Also chakras are outside the body, where a wider consciousness is described.

40 Hz consciousness depends on inhibition, but if that is disturbed then we experience altered consciousness? Also the other way, we don't use brain much at all. So brain consciousness is experienced as awareness in a window 7 - 40 Hz, outside that is altered state consciousness. What about the hippocampal 600 Hz pulse then? Has it something to do with the structure of hippocampus? And the function? Hippocampus make superpositions. It is a formidabel black hole machine. The weaver?

Is that to experience the dimensions?



References.
Matthew J. Donald, 2001: A Review of The Physics of Consciousness by Evan Harris Walker. PSYCHE, 7(15), October 2001. http://www.theassc.org/files/assc/2493.pdf

Eccles, J.C. 1986: Do mental events cause neural events analogously to the probability fields of quantum mechanics? Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 227, 411-428.

O.I. Fisun , a & A.V. Savina, 1992: Homochirality and long-range transfer in biological systems. Biosystems Volume 27, Issue 3, 1992, Pages 129-135 doi:10.1016/0303-2647(92)90068-A

F. A. Popp, 2001: Biophysical Aspects of the Psychic Situation, http://www.lifescientists.de/ib0203e_1.htm (this site is out of function.)

Suedhof, T.C. & Scheller, R.H. 2001: Mechanism and regulation of neurotransmitter release. Chapter 4 of Cowan, Suedhof, and Stevens (2001).

Evan Harris Walker 2000: The Physics of Consciousness. The Quantum Mind and the Meaning of Life. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.

http://www.bss.phy.cam.ac.uk/~mjd1014/
http://www-physics.lbl.gov/~stapp/stappfiles.html
http://www-physics.lbl.gov/~stapp/QMA.doc

fredag 26 mars 2010

Magnetobiology. Brain modelling IV.

There is still no magnetobiological theory, says Binhi 2002. This is due to the paradoxal nature of the biological action of weak low-frequency electromagnetic fields, whose energy is incomparable by far with the charachteristic energy of biochemical transformations. This all makes the very existence of the domain quite dubious with most of the scientific community, despite a wealth of experimental evidence.

Some EM-fields may be a hazard to human health, other invoke on the climate, as significant as temp, humidity.

Biological magnetoreceptors are not recognized yet, but it is important to percieve the way in which the signal of a magnetic field is transformed into a response of a biological system. Libhoff, 1997: Magnetic reversals may have also helped determine the nature of the interaction mechanism between GMF and living systems. Mechanisms based on fixed magnetic moments may not be capable of adapting to the reversal process. A better case can be made for an ion cyclotron resonance interaction. Direct involvement in the cell-signaling activities of biological ions would provide such flexibility, and also point to a broader role for the GMF in modulating CNS function. This has also implications for the memory. Gravity as gravitomagnetism maybe too is a factor.

The body is no barrier for the magnetic field, and all particles in the tissues will be affected. But not all particles are involved in transferring the signal. Primary processes of the interaction - magnetic field:matter - is pure physical in electrons, atoms, molecules. Charged particles seem to be intermediary between field and next biochemical level. Proteins, especially enzymes are regulated in that way, at a subtle level. Interim ions may shift the metabolism. The effect of the field is seen in the densities of metabolic products. Means the interaction hits somewhere in between - on the phase transitions?

Life-support parameters and behavior of individuals and populations, that is collective transformations, a correlating signal (the fish-stim effect; collective consciousness at population level?). Intermediary levels of the organization of a living system, such as biophysical, biochemical and physiological levels are often not considered in experiments, although they affect the experimental results. Magnetism is therefore an uncontrolled cause-and-effect black box. The results we get are not complete.

The quantum ion state can also interfer on protein cavities. Magnetic and electric fields (DC, AC) can be combined in so many different ways. Magnetic momentum, nuclear spin and non-linear response of a protein to the redistribution of ion probability density are other problems. Dissociation probability in ion-protein complex, ion cyclotron frequencies, dimensionless frequencies, amplitude of the variable components of a magnetic field and pulsed and 'vacuum' magnetic fields, so the problem is very complex. Molecules rotating inside protein complexes give molecular gyroscopes and non-thermal resonance effects. Amplitude interference spectra are very important. I just point to these factors, I'm far from qualified to get a grasp on them.

Biomagnetism is the magnetic fields produced by various biological systems, and nanoparticles within.
Magnetobiology is about biological mechanisms, effectiveness and reactions of the action of a weak magnetic field < 1 mT. It is believed that the action of such lies below the trigger threshold for protective biological mechanisms, and are therefore prone to accumulate at biological subcellular and genetical level (Binhi p. 3.).

Libhoff writes 2007: "Based on decades of experimental evidence an excellent argument can be made for the existence of a fundamental functional relationship between living systems and electromagnetic fields. We have previously hypothesized that this relationship can be expressed in terms of a field vector whose source is the distribution of electric polarization within the system and which has both a phylogenetic and ontogenetic time dependence. Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR)-like magnetic signals have resulted in physiologic changes in many in vitro and in vivo model systems and have been applied medically with success to bone repair and spinal fusion. This type of local ICR-like therapy has recently been broadened into a holistic application following the remarkable discovery that the whole-body bioimpedance is sharply dependent on ICR signals. We relate this observation to the integrated electric polarization vector, in turn a measure of the double layer charge distribution at the cell membrane. This discovery, already being applied to a number of clinical problems, lends strong support to the concept of an overarching electromagnetic framework for living systems."


Artificial magnetic fields.
Municipal magnetic noise with its discrete components 60 (50) Hz and harmonics, is one or two orders of magnitude higher than natural background. It was called EM-pollution first time by Becker. Small hyperweak signals are inconsistent with current-wiev - a 'that's impossible type'. Some of these effects are only found at ultra-low AC magnetic intensities, on the order of .05 μT. Low frequency range for households and normal industry are 10 - 100 Hz, the same as in medicine. Still this range is thought to be safe. These fields show often a delayed, accumulating effect months and even years later. The problem is that these fields are also the 'service' fields hard to do without; power transmission lines, cars, TVset, industries, computers, mobile phones, especially 3G-phones. Sensitive people may react at these levels.

Half a meter (the force field diminish rapidly with distance) from apparatuses can the following fields be measured, in μT:
Washing machine, 5
Refrigerator, 0,1
Conditioner 1
Electric meat grinder 2
Vacuum cleaner 2
Majority of office and public vehicles, 0,1 - 1, peak values may be three orders of magnitude higher. Topp values may be 2000 Hz. (p. 6.)

Standing waves from artificial ambient fields due to badly earthed electrical loops, inductions etc. is also a problem. They can be very powerful, as seen from Muncaster Castle in England.

Hallucinations from these fields are reported by Persinger etc.. Hallucinations have come from what could be broadly described as weak, complex, time-varying magnetic fields, called EIFs, very difficult to measure, because the equipment is not good for it. They are low frequency (approx 0.1 to 30 Hz, and certainly under 50Hz) and a moderate intensity (from 100 to 5000 nT) or amplitude (or, more correctly, flux density). Pulse frequence may be in msec or sec, up to minute. In the laboratory, complexity has been implemented in a number of ways, including (1) increased varying amplitudes and amplitude modulation, (2) varying frequencies and frequency modulation, (3) using patterned amplitude-modulated fields, (4) using complex patterns of pulsed fields, and (5) using rotating fields.

Maurice Townsend has written about 'Artificially Occurring EIFs' and reports that in Moscow "the magnetic fields at frequencies around 1 Hz were around 10 times higher in the suburbs, and 100 times higher in the city centre, compared to the countryside. In the city centre fields up to 250 - 300 nT at a frequency of 0.5 Hz were measured. These are strong enough to constitute EIFs. The fields were attributed, unsurprisingly, to electrical equipment in the city." But one must remember that the biological sensitivity is bigger in lower background fields, too.

In the construction of buildings this is known, but surprices may still arise. The environment change all the time, and magnetic waves are holistic and complex.

Townsend continues: "the 0.1 to 30 Hz frequency range of varying fields is generally quiet. This is because most electrical and electronic devices operate using a mixture of DC (for motors, electronic power supplies, etc.), mains frequency (AC 50/60 Hz) and higher. The DC (static) element is rarely pure, being derived from mains supply with rectifiers (often accompanied by transformers). The resultant DC current has a slight voltage ripple on it. However, due to the way rectifiers are designed, this ripple will typically be at mains frequency or above and so not contribute to EIFs. Similarly, the mains supply itself can be distorted by the electrical loads placed on it by various bits of electrical equipment. This gives rise to harmonics but these, too, have a higher frequency and lower amplitude than the mains fundamental frequency. So most domestic electrical appliances, as well as the mains supply itself, will not contribute to EIFs." The static fields are more important; they give a more stable signal? DC-current is 'the current of injury'; a signal for regeneration and consciousness (Becker).

Probably the most important source of low frequency magnetic fields is the simple movement, or mechanical vibration, of magnetic materials, especially metals. All objects with high magnetic permeability distort the earth’s magnetic field around them, although they may not be magnetised. When objects containing especially iron are vibrated, they drag the magnetic field distortion around with them. Vibration at a rate of between once every ten seconds (0.1 Hz) and thirty times a second (30 Hz) will cause an EIF. It doesn’t need to be a constant frequency motion since, as we have seen, varying fields actually work better! Most motors in domestic use are likely to produce rotating fields at EIF frequencies. They commonly occur in such things as pumps (central heating, fridges, air-conditioning), fans (computers, air-conditioning, some ovens), washing machines, vacuum cleaners, even hi-fi equipment and hair dryers. Such appliances can produce quite powerful rotating magnetic fields.

This is valid also to the brain containing iron. Also big joints halt the signal and make barriers for the energy transfer (Presman).

Zones, time, distortions, changes.
There is bound to be some critical distance, or zone, away from the source where the field amplitude will be correct. All you have to do is stay in that critical area for long enough and, if you are susceptible and the field varies enough over time, you may well get hallucinations. EIFs would probably extend no further than a metre or two from a source if the background is normal.

If there was a higher than usual ambient magnetic field, the range would decrease. Conversely, in an area of lower than usual ambient field, the range would increase (compare to Moscow). One might reasonably ask, how can you live in an area of lower than normal geomagnetic field? Metals can distort the local magnetic field, as we have seen, and create areas where the local magnetic field is actually lower than average. These are also important hallucinatory areas, and need not to be moving. Shape of the source, and different angles are important.

The way in which the localized fields are varying and changing (i.e., their complexity) are crucial rather than overall ambient frequencies, acc. to Townsend. Studies have also argued that large transient magnetic pulses and tectonic events could be associated with instantaneous experiences and events in brain. Some studies failed to find any noticeable magnetic signature of spontaneous cases. EIFs could be transient, volatile instances that may accompany an experience or event more or less instantaneously (such as a pulse or train of pulses). Measuring the area at any given time may actually miss the important characteristics. Magnetic shifts may come and go or exist as a kind of constantly available distorted undercurrent that is more or less present all of the time (in a modulated wave).

Human movements across fields.
Another interesting source of EIFs is human movement! Although you may not have any moving fields within your home, you might move through reasonably strong, complex static fields sufficiently often to produce an EIF in your brain. If you think about it, walking between two areas of high magnetic field, with a low area in between, is no different from having a varying field pass through your head as you sit still. Laboratory studies suggest that (artificial) magnetic fields can induce potent hallucinatory perceptions in certain observers.

Infrasound and magnetic fields.
Infrasound is just like audible sound (a compression wave going through the atmosphere). Acoustic gravity waves are named so because they oscillate between gravity and the elasticity (compressibility)of the Earth. Temperature zones (density zones) are important. Ocean waves, avalanches, earthquakes and certain wind conditions (eg. storms, hurricanes and wind shear around mountain ranges) etc. can produce infrasound. Anything with an engine in it can induce infrasound too, particularly any form of transport and movement.

Typically, background infrasound may enter a resonant 'cavity' and be amplified. A resonant cavity, in this case, is a closed volume of space whose dimensions cause the waves to bounce backwards and forwards (or resonate). Tao hum? A room in a building may be of a suitable specific dimensions (which depends on the wavelength of the infrasound) to cause such resonance.

Pigeons can hear infrasound down to 0,05 Hz, and an acoustic avian map for accurate navigation is proposed consisting of infrasonic cues radiated from steep-sided topographic features. The source of these infrasonic signals is microseisms continuously generated by interfering oceanic and atmospheric waves. Having an acoustic map might also allow clock-shifted birds to test their homeward progress and select between their magnetic and solar compasses.

One confounding problem with infrasound is that it operates at the same frequencies as EIFs and also can induce hallucinations. In fact, infrasound and magnetism may have the same source. Schmitter, 2010, writes: "Our model calculations show the existence of pressure resonances characterized as acoustic duct modes with well defined frequencies. These resonances not only generate infrasound but also modulate the charge density and the velocity field and in this way lead to electric and magnetic field oscillations in the 0.5–20-Hz range that can be monitored from a distance of several kilometers." As seen earlier the infrasound could be linked to plasmoids too. Gravity effects must also be considered.

Spots and persons. Location influence the perception.
There are differences between places, often rooms, spots in rooms and also between different persons, their gender and age and constitution. Not everyone experience hallucinations. Factors may also interfere with the interaction environment:individ.

Many studies have carried out detailed surveys of such locations and revealed potential contributing influences from (1) contextual and situational specific factors, (2) diverse lighting levels, (3) drafts, (4) infrasound levels, (5) the localized distribution and changes in geomagnetic fields (GMFs), (6) time-varying electromagnetic fields (EMFs), and (7) transient tectonic events, (8) accumulation with time, to name but a few.

Hallucinations and misperceptions, see Townsends excellent article. A degree of increased neuronal hypersensitivity and susceptibility to these fields have been shown (as instance as induced epileptiform activity) ranging from nebulous and ambiguous sensations to extreme and complex hallucinations, also spontaneously occurring magnetically induced hallucinations. Here discrete shifts and changes in the localized magnetic field would correlate with sympathetic changes (galvanic skin response, ANS-response) and shifts in the neurophysiology, perception, and behavior and one need not necessarily assume any degree of paranormality involved in the experience or event, although it is often interpreted as a paranormal or sacred experience.

The discussion outlined above is analogous to that of searching for seizure-type patterns that may indicate neural storms in an EEG (electroencephalograph) scalp recording of a suspected epileptic patient. In some patients, seizures can only be distinguished around the time of the ictal event. In others, there can be a more constantly available abnormality in the EEG, which can be picked up during inter-ictal periods. In both cases the researcher is interested in the underlying mechanisms mediating how and where the anomalies occur, how they are sustained, how they propagate, and how they disappear--if indeed they do. The EEG has been an invaluable tool to the researcher interested in detailing cortical electrical anomalies and how these relate to neuro-cognitive processes. In essence the task is no different from that of detailing magnetic anomalies, which may exist as invisible thunderstorms (neural storms) in certain locations that may occasionally strike at vulnerable brains.

Hallucinations from Muncaster Castle, England
Braithwaite et al. reported hallucinations and related physiological components included (1) sudden headaches/migraines, (2) eyes watering, (3) runny nose, (4) ringing in the ears, and (5) bouts of dizziness. These reported sensations can occur alone or can be accompanied by other haunt-type components in some instances. Some observers have reported the strong feeling of a "sensed presence," being watched, hearing footsteps, distinct sounds of children crying/screaming and a periodic feeling of foreboding. Also that the old heavy door opened abruptly and apparently of its own accord. As these experiences often happen while in the center room, one typically attribute the sensations to the room, often with a paranormal interpretation concerning it.

For this room a large and significant difference in magnetic field amplitude was measured between the sensors. This difference was in the region of 47,000 nT; the fields measured by the baseline sensor were far higher (in the region of 77,000 nT) than what would be predicted for the castle area (49,000 nT: British Geological Survey data), and the fields measured in the pillow region of the bed were lower (around 30,000 nT). To account for the increased fields measured in the baseline area, Braithwaite suggested contributions from both man-made and local geological sources combined.

The reduction in amplitude in the pillow area was attributed primarily to a possible localized anomaly created by the heavy metal/iron lattice bed supports underneath the mattress. This lattice did not extend to the pillow area, but covered an area approximately from the ankles to the upper shoulders/chest area. The presence of such a magnetically permeable object may well have been distorting the background field away from the pillow area (which is supported by wood) and thus reducing the amplitudes in that area. There was a significant difference between the magnitudes of variance measured by the sensors. The variance in the crucial pillow area was far greater than that measured on the nearby baseline sensor placed in the same room a number of meters away. This difference occurred throughout the measuring period (4 hr) and appeared to be a constant component of the background variance.

The range of variability encountered was not far from that used in laboratory studies of brain stimulation. They are also similar to, and above, the levels of variability measured in other field studies that were directly linked with questionnaire responses of strange perceptions and feelings. Baseline measurements across both this and the original study have revealed a standard deviation of magnetic variability in the region of 15 nT to 20 nT, increasing to 30 nT to 50 nT in areas associated with anomalous reports. These values are comparable to other field studies. For instance, Wiseman et al. 2003 measured fields varying from around 11 nT, which were also linked to concurrent increases in anomalous interpretations given in questionnaire responses from individuals at that time. Sensitive people show increased signs of temporal-lobe instability or particular forms of attentional biases.

Internal background varied between 5 nT and 50 nT, with variations within this range. An average standard deviation would be around 2 to 8 nT. Transient pulses very similar to those reported here have also been documented in the region of around 50 nT to 100 nT.

Note also that in the laboratory it is typical for participants to undergo at least 20 to 30 brain exposure before any experiential effects take place and are reported. This highlights a possible indirect mechanism that requires a more prolonged period of exposure before such energetic components are fully recruited into the experiential gestalt. In the natural setting, as long as the varying fields are readily available, it is likely that at some point favorable positions, level of arousal, and an appropriate degree of susceptibility could co-occur, the consequence of which could be some form of anomalous experience or interpretation.

In certain circumstances, it may not be necessary for the magnetic anomaly to be present to set up and sustain its experiential influence. Instead, merely being present for a period sufficient to initiate a process--which can then be continued, amplified, and propagated within neural structures--may be enough.

Common bereavement apparitions are hallucinatory experiences evoked by transient electrical instability within the (glucocorticoid) sensitized mesiobasal temporal lobes. All first hand reports of ‘postmortem apparition’ experiences were collected by Persinger 1988, from a published data base. The days on which the experiences occurred displayed significantly greater (mean increase = 10 gamma) geomagnetic activity compared to the days before or afterwards. These results suggest that bereavement apparitions are situation-specific hallucinations evoked by microseizures within sensitized temporal lobe structures; the occurrence of these microseizures might be facilitated by suppression in melatonin levels that could accompany sudden increases in geomagnetic activity.

Perceptions are very much correlated by both brain activity and environmental activity.

Binhi & Rubin 2007, discusses the 'kT problem paradox' and magnetic nanoparticles found in many organisms, long-lived rotational states of some molecules within protein structures, spin magnetic moments in radical pairs, and magnetic moments of protons in liquid water. In a later article he puts this in relation to cancer and leukemia in children. This is very much debated after the power-line report hinting at the same thing. Stress is also seen diminishing the cancer frequency. Here is some relation?

References.
BRAITHWAITE, J.J. 2004: Magnetic variances associated with 'haunt-type' experiences: A comparison using time-synchronised baseline measurements. European Journal of Parapsychology, 19, 3-28.

Jason J. Braithwaite, Katty Perez-Aquino, Maurice Townsend 2004: In search of magnetic anomalies associated with haunt-type experiences: pulses and patterns in dual time-synchronized measurements. Journal of Parapsychology, The Fall issue 2004. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2320/is_2_68/ai_n16107399/

Vladimir N. Binhi, 2002: Magnetobiology: underlying physical problems. Google books.

Vladimir Binhi. 2008: Do naturally occurring magnetic nanoparticles in the human body mediate increased risk of childhood leukaemia with EMF exposure?. International Journal of Radiation Biology 84:7, 569-579 http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09553000802195323

V. N. Binhi‌ and A. B. Rubin‌, 2007: Magnetobiology: The kT Paradox and Possible Solutions. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 2007, Vol. 26, No. 1, Pages 45-62 , DOI 10.1080/15368370701205677

COOK, C.M., & PERSINGER, M.A. 2001: Geophysical variables and behavior: XCII. Experimental elicitation of the experience of a sentient being by right hemispheric, weak magnetic fields: interaction with temporal lobe sensitivity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2, 447-448. http://www.fdpsa.com/summary1xbrief/PMS-April-2001_0016_s.pdf

FULLER, M., DOBSON, J, WIESER, H.G., & MOSER, S. 1995: On the sensitivity of the human brain to magnetic fields: Evocation of epileptiform activity. Brain Research Bulletin, 36, 155-159.

Jonathan T. Hagstrum 2001: Infrasound and the Avian Navigational Map. The Royal Institute of Navigation. The Journal of Navigation (2001), 54:3:377-391 Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/S037346330100145X

HOURAN, J. 2000: Toward a psychology of "entity encounter experiences." Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 64, 141-158.

LANGE, R., & HOURAN, J. 1997: Context-induced paranormal experiences: Support for Houran and Lange's model of haunting phenomena. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 1455-1458.

LANGE, R., & HOURAN, J. 2001: Ambiguous stimuli brought to life: The psychological dynamics of hauntings and poltergeists. In J. Houran and R. Lange (Eds.), Hauntings and poltergeists: Multidisciplinary perspectives, pp. 280-306. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.

A. R. Liboff, 1997: Geomagnetic Reversals and Genome Imprinting. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, Vol. 16 (3): 309-320 doi: 10.3109/15368379709015662

A. R. Liboff, 2009: Electric Polarization and the Viability of Living Systems: Ion Cyclotron Resonance-Like Interactions. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, Vol. 28, No. 2, 124-134 DOI 10.1080/15368370902729293

MAHER, M.C. 2000: Quantitative investigation of the General Wayne Inn. Journal of Parapsychology, 63, 47-80.

MAILER, M.C., & HANSEN, G.P. 1997: Quantitative investigation of a legally disputed "haunted house." Proceedings of Presented Papers: The Parapsychological Association 40th Annual Convention, 184-201.

MAKAREC, K., & PERSINGER, M.A. 1987: Electroencephalographic correlates of temporal lobe signs and imagings. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 64, 1124-1126.

MAKAREC, K., & PERSINGER, M.A. 1990: Electroencephalographic validation of a temporal lobe signs inventory in a normal population. Journal of Research in Personality. Volume 24, Issue 3, September 1990, Pages 323-337
doi:10.1016/0092-6566(90)90024-Z

Michael A. Persinger, 2001: The Neuropsychiatry of Paranormal Experiences. Neuropsychiatric Practice and Opinion. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 13:515-524, November 2001 American Psychiatric Press, Inc. Free. http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/13/4/515

PERSINGER, M.A. 1983: Religious and mystical experiences as artifacts or temporal lobe function: A general hypothesis. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 57, 1255-1262.

PERSINGER, M.A. 1984: Propensity to report paranormal experiences is correlated with temporal lobe signs. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 59, 583-586.

PERSINGER, M.A. 1985: Geophysical variables and behaviour: XXII. The tectonic strain continuum of unusual events. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 60, 59-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3982946?dopt=Abstract

PERSINGER, M.A. 1988: Increased geomagnetic activity and the occurrence of bereavement hallucinations: Evidence for a melatonin mediated microseizuring in the temporal lobe? Neuroscience Letters, 88, 271-274. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(88)90222-4

PERSINGER, M. A. 1993a: Average diurnal changes in melatonin levels are associated with hourly incidence of bereavement apparitions: Support for the hypothesis of temporal (limbic) lobe microseizuring. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 76, 444-446.

PERSINGER, M.A. 1993b: Transcendental meditation and general meditation are associated with enhanced complex partial eplileptic-like signs: Evidence for "cognitive" kindling? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76, 80-82.

Persinger, M.A. 1999a; The Most Frequent Criticisms and Questions Concerning the Tectonic Strain Hypothesis.

PERSINGER, M.A. 1999b: Near-death experiences and ecstasy: A product of the organization of the human brain? In S. Della Sala (Ed.), Mind myths: Exploring popular assumptions about the mind and brain (pp. 85-99). New York: Wiley.

PERSINGER, M.A., & CAMERON, R.A. 1986: Are earth faults at fault in some poltergeist-like episodes? Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 61, 49-73.

PERSINGER, M.A., & KOREN, S.A. 2001: Predicting the characteristics of haunt phenomena from geomagnetic factors and brain sensitivity: Evidence from field and experimental studies. In J. Houran & R. Lange (Eds.), Hauntings and poltergeists: Multidisciplinary perspectives (pp.. 179-194). Jefferson, NC: McFarland. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11322603?dopt=Abstract

PERSINGER, M.A., & MAKAREC, K. 1993: Complex partial epileptic-like signs as a continuum from normals to epileptics. Normative data and clinical populations. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49, 33-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8425933?dopt=Abstract

PERSINGER, M. A., & ROLL, W. G. (Eds.). 1985: The temporal lobe factor in psi phenomena. Metuchen, N.J. & London: Scarecrow Press.

E. D. Schmitter, 2010: Modeling tornado dynamics and the generation of infrasound,
electric and magnetic fields. Brief communication. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 295–298, 2010. http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/10/295/2010/nhess-10-295-2010.pdf

Townsend, Maurice: Magnetic Hallucinations; http://www.assap.org/newsite/articles/Magnetic%20ghosts.html

Townsend, Maurice: Misperceptions and Hallucinations: http://www.assap.org/newsite/articles/Misperception.html

WISEMAN, R., WATT, G., GREENING, E., STEVENS, P., & O'KEEFFE, C. 2002: An investigation into the alleged haunting of Hampton Court Palace: Psychological variables and magnetic fields. Journal of Parapsychology, 66, 387-408.

WISEMAN, R., WATT, C., STEVENS, P., GREENING, E., & O'KEEFFE, C. 2003: An investigation into alleged "hauntings." British Journal of Psychology, 94, 195-211.

tisdag 23 mars 2010

Geomagnetism and senses. Part III. Brain modelling III. B

PART III

Collective oscillations.

System biology build on an understanding of how cells and organisms carry out their functions, and cannot be gained by looking at cellular components in isolation. Instead, the interplay between the parts of systems is indispensable for analyzing, modelling, and predicting system behavior. Studying biological processes under this premise, system biology combines experimental techniques and computational methods in order to construct predictive models (simulations). Both in building and utilizing models of biological systems, inverse problems arise at several occasions, for example, (i) when experimental time series and steady state data are used to construct biochemical reaction networks, (ii) when model parameters are identified that capture underlying mechanisms or (iii) when desired qualitative behavior such as bistability or limit cycle oscillations is engineered by proper choices of parameter combinations. The windows can cause troubles if they are not recognized.

Factors in neuronal stability: (comes in later articles)
CNS
Perifer nerve net
ANS
White matter
Perineural sheet
Myelin sheet
Ferromagnetic matter
Connective tissue matrix, cytosceleton, microtubulis
The extracellular matrix.
DNA, cell membrane; a frequency in the 10^11 Hz region, which is on the order of the frequency of membrane vibrations (millimeter wave region).
Age
Brain size, nerve net size.

Neuronal activity.
Night-time hallucinations are especially common, or in wake-up stage. This has been linked to brain activity. Hallucinations need a low activity pattern, usually below 10 Hz. The brain needs to be 'tuned in' to the hallucinatory frequencies, that comes from the outside of body as induction. A higher frequence, as betafrequence for thinking, will shield out those low frequencies, just as in a radio.

The low frequencies are produced within the body too (intrinsic, endogen), and will rise to the brain when we sleep or feel low, depressed, and then induce hallucinations. Also this happen only when the brain activity is low (or very chaotic. Chaotic conditions comes from emotional rush through amygdala - hippocampus - temporalis, as Persinger has shown. In pressed situations we produce chaotic signals, and in that way we would produce many alternative ways to behave; an allostatic reaction.

This low frequency is also seen in parapsychologic research of paranormal conditions. One way to enhance PSI-effects is to calm down the mind. Meditation is also such a technique.
Another way to get hallucinations is to make the mind chaotic. These two ways to regulate the body are seen again and again, over all the systems. In the bottom we find homeostasis and allostasis.

Neuronal structure.
That patients who display complex partial seizures with foci within the temporal lobes, particularly the amygdala and hippocampus, report more frequent paranormal-like experiences has been known for decades. Surgical stimulation of mesiobasal structures within the temporal lobes, particularly the right hemisphere, has been shown to evoke comparable experiences. The experiences during stimulation are not just memories, but enhancements or vivifications of the class of ongoing experiences (perceptions, thoughts, or memories) at the time of the stimulation.


Variations in the earth's magnetic field and magnetic storms are known to be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disorders. The main “targets” for geomagnetic perturbations are the CNS and the neural regulation of vascular tone and heart rate variability. In data about effect of geomagnetic fluctuations on human body in space (cosmonauts), the analysis of heart rate variability was used, which allows evaluating the state of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system, vasomotor center and subcortical neural centers activity. A specific impact of geomagnetic perturbations on the system of autonomic circulatory control in cosmonauts during space flight. The increasing of highest nervous centers activity was shown for group with magnetic storms, which was more significant on 1–2 days after magnetic storm.

Bistolfi reports that the frequency of the oscillating phenomenon related to biological hydrogen bonds appears to remain limited to the infrared frequency band, from near infrared (10^-6 wavelength, l0^14 Hz) to far infrared almost to in the microwave region (10^-4 wavelength, 10^11 Hz). He maintains that one can consider DNA and protein hydrogen bonds as centers of EM radiation emission in the range going from the millimeter waves to the far infrared. Low frequency harmonic pulsations may be the result of the interaction of the Schumann resonances with such signals, the resulting waves in turn generating a stronger oscillation within the connective tissues of the body. The result of this activity may be measurable as a "biofield", and may represent a form of biomagnetic emission consisting of relatively stable, coherent, measurable vibrations.

Fröhlich suggested that some of the large molecules within a cell resonate with the membranes electrical oscillations. Hence the cell as a whole, and a tissue composed of a number of such cells, could have a stable resonant frequency which would be a collective property of the whole assembly. Long range phase-correlated vibrations between the components of such an assembly could constitute a type of communication system regulating certain cellular behaviors, such as cell division. The cell is an organized semi-solid with a matrix of water with embedded macromolecules complexed with sodium and potassium ions. The cell may be considered to resemble somewhat of a solid, so that cellular ion transport phenomena may be analyzed by the methods of solid state, or perhaps, liquid crystal physics. See Pollak, 2000.

The cell cannot be accepted without the vital environment in which it exists. Pischinger explores this weakness. The 50 billion cells in the human organism exist in a working system. They are not merely cellular functioning units, which can be repaired when defects are present. Acute events cannot be isolated from intermeshed biological associations. Cells have a reciprocal relationship to their environment.

The interactive nature of the extracellular matrix with the connective and supporting tissues and blood is extremely important. Nerves and vessels do not come into direct contact with the functioning cells at any point in the body; the connective tissue via the extracellular matrix is really the mediating member. It transports nerve and nutrition flow and reciprocal effects from the nerves pass through it everywhere. The condition of this medium (such as its degree of hydration and toxicity) may invoke on the ability of the whole structure to oscillate.

Cells and intracellular elements are capable of vibrating in a dynamic manner with complex harmonics which can be analyzed using Fourier analysis. Information can be transferred along this matrix. Cellular events occur within spatial and temporal harmonics and have potential regulatory importance.

The connective tissue system may act as a coupled harmonic oscillator, operating as a signal transducing system from the cell periphery to the nucleus and ultimately to the DNA. The transfer of information can occur through the direct transfer of vibrational energy through harmonic wave motions. Wave propagation along a tensor can pass information through the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the wave propagating along it. The amount of information that a tensor system can pass is equal to the width of the frequency of the waves of information and the total time they are available for interpretation.

Specific molecular channels (=mechanoreceptors?) could exist within the structure of the matrix to conduct bioelectromagnetic signals.
Another interesting 'channel' is gap junctions that has been linked to the acupuncture meridians.
Maybe the Libets finding of a readiness potential is the difference between these. First the meridian direct electric signal, then later the nerve signal.


References.
R. M. Baevsky, V. M. Petrov and A. G. Chernikova, 1998: Regulation of autonomic nervous system in space and magnetic storms. Advances in Space Research Volume 22, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 227-234. doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(98)80014-8

Vladimir N. Binhi, 2001: THEORETICAL CONCEPTS IN MAGNETOBIOLOGY. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2001, Vol. 20, No. 1 : Pages 43-58. (doi: 10.1081/JBC-100103159) http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1081/JBC-100103159

Vladimir N. Binhi, 2002: Magnetobiology: underlying physical problems. Google books.

Cosic, I, Cvetkovic, D, Fang, J, Jovanov, E and Lazoura, H 2006, 'Human electrophysiological signal responses to ELF Schumann Resonance and artificial electromagnetic fields', FME Transactions, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 93-103. http://www.mas.bg.ac.yu/istrazivanje/biblioteka/publikacije/Transactions_FME/Volume34/2/6%20Irena%20Cosic%2093-103.pdf

Delgado, José M.R.: Physical Control of the Mind. Toward a Psychocivilized Society. New York, 1969;

H. Fröhlich, 1988: Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli, Springer-Verlag, New York,

P. P. Gariaev et al., 2002: The spectroscopy of bio-photons in non-local genetic regulation, Journal of Non-Locality and Remote Mental Interactions, Vol 1, Nr 3. http://www.emergentmind.org/gariaevI3.htm.

T. Heimburg and A. D. Jackson, 2005: On the action potential as a propagating density pulse and the role of anesthetics, arXiv : physics/0610117 [physics.bio-ph].

T. Heimburg and A. D. Jackson, 2005: On soliton propagation in biomembranes and nerves, PNAS vol. 102, no. 28, p.9790-9795.
See also Physicists challenge notion of electric nerve impulses; say sound more likely. http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/physicists-challenge-notion-of-electric-nerve-impulses-say-shtml.

Heinz W Engl et.al, 2009: Inverse problems in systems biology. Inverse Problems 25 123014 Issue 12 (December 2009) doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/12/123014

T. I. Karu, 1998: The Science of Low-Power Laser Therapy, Gordon and Breach, Sci. Publ., London.
T. I. Karu, Cellular mechanisms of Low-power Laser Therapy (photobiomodulation),
http://www.laserhealthsystems.com/Dr.%20Tiina%20Karu%20Presentation.htm.

N. N. Kositskiy et al. 2001: Influence of High-frequency Electromagnetic Radiation at Non-thermal Intensities on the Human Body. From the 1Informational Support Laboratory, 2Special Measurements Laboratory, and 3Quantum Physics Laboratory, Scientific Research Center of Quantum Medicine "Vidhuk". Translation by Patricia Ormsby. GaussNetwork. http://www.gsn.jp/english/influence_high.htm

H. Lazoura 2005: The Design of Equipment to Measure the Electrical and Optical Properties of Acupuncture Points and Meridians, PhD Thesis, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.

N. N. Lebedeva, 1993: Human central nervous system response to peripheral action of low-intensity millimeter waves. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. Volume 37, Number 1 / January, 1994.

A. Leonov, V. Lebedev, B. Belitsky, 2001: Space and Time Perception by the Cosmonaut. http://books.google.fi/books?id=4VLGe1i5rZcC&dq=A.S.Presman+nerve+system&hl=sv&source=gbs_navlinks_s

H.W. Ludwig, Electromagnetic multiresonance - the basis of homeopathy and biophysical therapy. in Proceedings 42nd Congress Int. Homeopathic Med League, Am. Institute Homeopathy, Washington, D.C.

A. A. MARINO & R. O. BECKER 1977: BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS: A REVIEW. PHYSIOLOG1CAL CHEMISTRY and PHYSICS. Vol 9, Nr 2, 1977. http://ortho.sh.lsuhsc.edu/Faculty/Marino/Papers/33PhysChemPhys.pdf

Michael A. Persinger, C.Psych. 2001: The Neuropsychiatry of Paranormal Experiences. Neuropsychiatric Practice and Opinion. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 13:515-524, November 2001

Alfred Pischinger 1990: Matrix-and matrix regulation. Brussels

M. Pitkänen, 2010: Quantum Model for Nerve Pulse and EEG. Topologic Geometrodynamic, TGD Inspired Theory of Consciousness and Quantum Biology. http://tgd.wippiespace.com/public_html/articles/pulseeg.pdf

G. Pollack, 2000: Cells, Gels and the Engines of Life. Ebner and Sons.
http://www.cellsandgels.com/

A. S. Presman, Electromagnetic Fields and Life, New York: Plenum Press, 1970.

S. J. Rennison, 2005: Electromagnetic Man and The Dark Side of Electromagnetism Update, 9th July 2009 http://www.susanrennison.com/EM_Dark_Side.htm

L. E. ROFFEY, 1994: The Bioelectronic Basis for "Healing Energies": Charge and Field Effects as a Basis for Complementary Medical Techniques. http://www.emergentmind.org/Roffey06.htm

W Sedlak, 1993: Outline of Biological Magnetohydrodynamics. The paper first appeared (in Polish) in the prestigious journal Kosmos A (Vol. 3, 1971) and later as Chapter 9 of Sedlak's book Bioelektronika. In 1993, the article was translated into English and published as an offprint by Dr. Leane Roffey Line (Neuro Magnetic Systems, San Antonio, TX) with permission of the Sedlak Estate. http://www.emergentmind.org/Sedlak06.htm

Geomagnetism and senses. Part II. Brain modelling III. B

PART II

Gate-control ways in the biology.

A. The skin - nerve connection.
Nonthermal intensities are almost entirely absorbed within the skinregion (mm-waves), and the primary effects occur probably in the skin, that is about 20 %of the total body mass. Skin has protective, immune-, receptor- and heat-control functions with many celltypes. Skin is also embryologically ectodermal, as nerves and can be said to be an extension and a 'sense organ' for the nerve net. ANS-responses strongly change the skin resistance too. Disturbances of diseases too. Cancers are strong 'EM-disturbance-senders'.

Changes occur in all structural elements of the skin under influence of mm-radiation, as instance degradation of fat cells. Mechanoreceptors have an high sensitivity to mm-waves. mm-waves also stimulates to regeneration in nerve cells, an accelerated growth of nerve fibers in the myelinization process, and a change in the physiological characteristics of the nerve fiber have been observed.


B. The photon/phonon system.
The concept of communication channels within each living system, in organisms and between organisms, indicated by the PSI-phenomen and the observer effect. Does also function in non-living systems as Tiller has shown. The mitogenic signal (mitogenetic) from Gurwitch experiment is essentially the same, as is the DNA-phantom by Peter Gariaev.

Gurwitsch, 1944, on a new version of the field theory;
"The field acts on molecules. It creates and supports in living systems a specific molecular orderliness. This means, in our opinion, any spatial arrangement of the molecules which cannot be derived from their chemical structures. or from equilibrium states such as chemical bonds, van der Vaals forces, etc. Consequently, molecular orderliness generally is a non-equilibrium phenomenon...The field is anisotropic... The field is continuous and successive...During cell division the cell field divides as well ...
A cell creates a field around it, that is to say, the field extends outside the cell into intracellular space... Therefore, at any point of a group of cells there exists a single field being constituted of all of the individual cell fields... Hence, the properties of this aggregate field will depend, besides other factors, also on the configuration of the multicellular whole. Rather than postulating independently existing supracellular fields, we now attribute their function to a field representing the vectorial addition of the individual cell fields...
A field is somehow associated with the molecules of chromatin, but only while they are chemically active... A postulated field continuity may be understood molecularly in the following way: If in the vicinity of chromatin molecule A, which is at the given moment a field "carrier", an active chromatin molecule B is synthesized, the field of molecule A induces the field of molecule B losing at the same time its own field....
The field employs the energy released during exothermic chemical reactions in living systems to endow molecules (proteins, peptides, etc.) with ordered, directed movement... A point source of a cell field coincides with the center of the nucleus, hence, the field is, in general, a radial one... The direction of the field vectors is centrifugal (i.e. the vectors are directed from a field center to the periphery)
".

As a result of Lysenko's coming to power in 1948, Gurwitsch was expelled from the directorship of the large Institute of Experimental Biology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. At that time he began to write his last book, tentatively entitled: "Analytical Biology." In some sections of this large unfinished manuscript published in Russia only 40 years later (Gurwitsch, 1991), the author approached rather closely the much later established self.organization theory. He paid particular attention to interactions of processes at different levels and even formulated a concept of a closed-feedback loop between the morphogenetic field and its morphogenetic consequences. Attempting to solve essentially non-linear problems of biological organization he was much ahead of his time, stressing nonequilibrium orderliness and vectorization of molecular processes
essential in living organisms. Ilya Prigogine later got the Nobel for this kind of research. This mitogenic experiment is much critizized and accused to be a fraud. But he is far from alone in this aspect. Rupert Sheldrake is also as misundertood. Peter Gariaev has lost his fundings too.

Roffey: Evolution = high coherence, narrow spectral bandwidth channels for parallel data processing channels in living systems without risk of interference from the frequencies present in sunlight. Living systems may be able to optimize the degree of coherence they use for any given biocommunication channel choosing between: one broad-band high carrier frequency; a high data rate serial communication channel; or, the corresponding number of narrow band, low data rate communication channels capable of parallel data processing. Each of these are coherent enough to overcome the ambient noise but together they have the same overall capacity.

The involvement of highly coherent frequencies throughout the life-span of a living system carries with it the risk of sensitivity to and disruption by coherent EM fields in the environment. Similarly, there is a risk of chemical disruption. Electrical and chemical signals are closely correlated manifestations of living systems. Oscillations may directly involve hydrogen bonds.

Enzymatically catalyzed processes, as amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, porphyrins such as chlorophyll and carotenoids are semiconductive and then changed by the interaction between photons, electrons, and phonons. Lightquanta entering a semiconductive protein structure results in photoexcitation causing charge transfer or excitation "hopping", and sometimes, emission of photons, as in photoluminescence in plants. Photon emission can happen through several methods: fluorescence, electron acceleration in an electrical field, temporary emergence of paramagentic centers and emission as a result of spin relaxation. Biological systems, according to Sedlak, may work on the principles of a quantum photon amplifier with biolasing effects

Chemical processes can either stimulate or attenuate photon production. Popp, et al., outlines the nature of biophotonic coherence in biosystems, and particularly examines coherent radiations emanating from DNA, and examines interactions between photons and phonons. Phonons can be solids. In the new nerve pulse by Heimburg & Jackson are solids, but not yet sure if they are phonons or photons, or maybe both.

Electrostasis.
Wave motion, in order to be effectively distributed throughout the body, must also be "directed". A surface level electron concentration appears at various levels of plant and animal organization, forming a directing "layer". Surface potentials exist not only in microorganisms but also in individual cells of tissue systems. Seldak referred to this phenomenon as "electrostasis", parallel to "homeostasis". The electrostasis "layer" between a living system and its environment results from semiconductor properties of living tissues and the surface layer in the EM field.

Gurwitch observed a similar phenomenon in dividing cells. Presman ascribes the generation of EM waves to nucleic acids, such as RNA and DNA. In the bioelectronic model, these types of radiation are referred to as "biological fields". The electrostasis layer plays the role of a spherical waveguide reflecting the biological field back into the living system. The losses of the organism through radiation are minimized. Simultaneously this layer is set into rhythmical vibrations by the biological emitted field. It protects the organism from harmful EM radiation, and permits beneficial radiation to enter the organism. This was found to be the case for acupuncture meridians too. They gave more access to Schumann fields than other fields. Cosic et al say 2006: "The fundamental Schumann resonance frequency is claimed to be extremely benificial to existence of the biological cycle phenomena of plants, animals and humans. However, the results from our acupuncture meridian and EEG studies have shown that frequencies between 8.8 and 13.2 Hz, which fall between peaks of the Schumann resonance, mainly correlate with analysed human electrophysiological signals, while one study proves a correlation between transfer function of Schumann resonance and electro-acupunture meridian. The results from our acupuncture meridians and EEG activity studies confirm that the human body absorbs, detects and responds to ELF environmental EMF signals." Thanks to Gabor Fisher for the link.

Lazoura et al. indicated that "acupuncture meridians act as filters and hence allow only certain frequencies to pass through and attenuate all other frequencies. The fact that this pass band was set to low frequencies corresponds with the characteristics of acupuncture points, and with the spectral components measured traditionally in ECG and EEG signals. The distinct spectral components of 4, 7.8 and 13 Hz closely correlate with the Nature’s own resonant frequencies. The correlation may indicate relationship between one’s existence and functioning as an integral part of nature and the Universe. It could also help explain the sensitivity of our bodies and mind to changes in the environment and even the universe, which has been used by our ancestors throughout time as a form of spiritual guidance and a form of healing."

The human body is able, due to electrostasis, to separate each component of this radiation according to the bodys anatomic makeup and need, and absorb the bands in the spectrum specific to that wavelength or frequency. In the practice of physical therapy and electrotherapy, various bands of energy are artifically applied to patients.

The nature of the biological oscillator is explained by the physics of dielectrics - they behave like crystal semiconductors modified to the specific nature of the biological system in question. Further, the properties of semiconductors decide the drift of charges, ions, radicals and crystalochemical groups. The semiconductor manifests its properties in the presence of external electromagnetic fields or temperature. The electrostasis layer is a special one - it makes the semiconductor able to receive EM information from its environment.


C. Biologically active spots.
Absorption of EMF in biologically active points is many times more effective than at different parts of the skin, and this energy influences the internal organs and the body as a whole through the system of Chinese meridians. Each needle must be inserted at a specific point, at a certain angle, to a measured depth in the tissue to effect optimum results. The "eye" of the acupuncture point is a point of low electrical resistance. Invariably the needle rests in a fascial plane or along a tendon, e.g., in connective tissue.The acupuncture meridians may make up such a network.

Specific molecular channels could exist within the structure of the matrix to conduct bioelectromagnetic signals. Such a bioelectronic communications network would function similar to a waveguide or fiber optic cable (see Karu) to transmit and receive information along specific channels within the body. Since this network is composed of ordinary molecules that have become organized in particular ways at a microscopic level, it would not necessarily be anatomically distinguishable from normal connective tissue. See this.


D. Induction in the body.
Induced internal processes control system sensitivities as they receive surrounding electromagnetic signals. Illness do the same thing, and reactions through mechanoreceptors. Are these allostatic reactions too? A stress that must be accommodated to.

Cortex.
CNS was one of the areas recieving most of the EM-fields. Also direct impact on cortical neurons have been found, imitating a sensory impulse. Effect on stimulation centers (epileptic center)(=trigger points, aschii-points, akupoints, foci points?) in cortex suppressed totally neural activity, that is anticonvulsive effect of mm-waves.

Sensitivity shown indirectly by sensitiveness of mm-waves on depression, normalization of functions in CNS, restoration of damaged interzonal distinctions. Microwaves affect the CNS in conditional reflexes, EEG and behavior too.

As early as 1968, Presman noted that in any living organism there exists a reliable protection against external natural and artificial electromagnetic noise disturbances (signals not coherent with any of the signals used by the system), and against other incommensurate external influences. Apparently, it is the action of this multi-stage (passive or active) protection in the organism that is connected with the experimentally detected biphasic dependency of the bioeffects of electromagnetic fields on their intensity, i.e., initiation of opposite physiological changes under the influence of EMF of low and high intensities. By way of illustration in experiments on dogs, the following results were obtained: 100-200 mW/cm2-suppression of conditioned reflexes; 5-10 mW/cm2-stimulation; 0.2-2 mW/cm2-suppression (this is about the ratio 1:10:100).

Neuronal stability.
The body needs to protect against the environment, but the shield is not allowed to grow too big, so it would disturb the information collection that we need to have.

Presman (1970) studied electromagnetic waves and magnetic and electric fields in biology and its linkage to nerve systems and it is one of the most elegant studies I have ever seen. He found that the perifer nerves and CNS must be held apart, as probably also ANS-responses, because they function differently. The biggest purpose of the CNS was to shield off information. To diminish the EM-fields that are collected there. Our nerve net is a mesh-net that chose information. Highest priority has the information that get the biggest attention, that is the most different one.

The components of the connective tissue matrix extend throughout the body. The mechanism that may link it with the brain electrical activity, as measured with the EEG and the emissions from the body, is the perineural direct current regulatory system as described by R. 0. Becker. He maintained that contrary to prevailing neuron doctrine, the glial substrate and other perineural structures of the central nervous system, through their sensitivity to extremely low levels of electric currents and magnetic fields, may directly control brain functions. The neuronal brain is not only supported by, but modulated by, the glial brain. Becker suggests that DC and low-frequency extraneuronal electric currents generated in, or transmitted by, the glial components of the brain may be a basis for perceptual awareness. This system may provide a link between the bioelectronic and biochemical models. The brain, in turn, regulates the biochemical activity in the body in accordance with bioelectronic signals. This process may work in both directions, involving in particular the endocrine system.

It is not the brain that controls the brain.

fredag 19 mars 2010

Geomagnetism and senses. Brain modelling III. B.

PART I

B. Environmental EM-matrix and the body.

Our main question is: is it possible that perception happen without prior nerve 'arousal'? Or can emotions be 'implanted' in our mind, without participation from our 'self'? Can perceptions depend on environmental 'fields' in an unnatural way? I mean, EM-fields are always responsible for our perceptions and sensations, but can the sensations be distorted so that we get hallucinations or odd behaviour? Can perceptions happen without sense-organ, as in ESP?

José M.R. Delgado summarized his findings from stimulating brain in the ELF domain, especially in the amygdala and hippocampus, by writing that, "movement, emotion and behaviour can be controlled by electrical forces, and human beings can be controlled like robots with the touch of a button."

Our senses/body recieve EM-fields and perception is electromagnetic.

What is the problem?
I list the problems here to get a better wiev of them. EIFs are modulated fields, that contain information? They are complex and fluctuating. The body needs a protection against those fluctuations. About 20 %of the people have a strong natural protection; 20 - 30 % have a weak protection.

I. Environmental matrix fields
Geomagnetic field, 50000nT, 0,5 Gauss
Pc1-pulsations, 0,2 - 5 Hz, 0,1 nT
Infrasound, 0,1 - 5 (16)Hz, Jet stream beat30 - 40 Hz
Schumann resonance, 7,8 Hz -26 Hz * 0,05 nT
Geomagnetic storm, 50 - 250 nT, electric + magnetic effects.
Tectonic strain theory, semiconductors and water,gas, Rn
Radioactive alpha decay
Static field, electrical field, motor sickness
Lightning, thunder
Pressure, Voice narrowing + other, N2-gas
Heat, fire, firewalking
Gravity, vestibular system
Exponation, time 20 - 30 min? diurnal time 10Hz
Plasmoids, solids,
Artificial fields, also present as backgrounds radiation today.
*values calculated by Toomey and Polk at 7.8, 14.1, 20.3, 26.4, and 32.5 Hz
super-low power HF EMR is highly effective in its action on humans.

II. Body matrix fields:
Hallucinations: EIFs 0,1 - 30 Hz, 100 -5000 nT 0,1 - 0,2 G ?
Biologically and medically interesting interval 10 -100 Hz
CNS, left hemisphere, temporals
Hippocampus, 7.8 Hz
Cardiovascular region, 0.1 Hz relates to the circulatory system
Respiration region
Sensitiveness
Neuronal stability, myelin
Transmitters and hormones
Ca++, 6 - 20 Hz
ANS-response
Stomach, GIT, Cellmembrane 10^11Hz
Behavior
Age, water
+10 Hz to the circadian rhythms, 33 Hz to the lymphatic system, etc.

III. Artificial energy field around the body (8Hz).
Strong personal energy fields where inappropriate energies are deflected shelter about 20% of the people. The personal energy field can be strengthened to deflect undesirable EMR, by introducing a 8 Hz scalar EM signal. 8 Hz is very close to the Earth's Schumann Resonance of 7.83 Hz, and can be achieved by wearing a device like the famous Tesla watch. In doing so, the energy field around the body is enhanced and harmful electromagnetic frequencies are deflected, see this.
The artificial EM-fields from mobile phones should have some impact too, as static fields ner power lines etc., what is called electromagnetic pollution.

That is: Schumann resonances acts as our protection and the natural resonance harmony bottom for the body. It is the weak signal that control our body, as R. Becker said.
Behavior changes: EHF-field with 7,1 mm wavelength (mm-waves) was able to modify rat conditioned reflex activity when occiput was irradiated. Acklimatization was enhanced. That is stress reduction. 'Noise' as not harmonious oscillations limits the penetrations of these long waves and disturbs the collective oscillations in the body? Therefore disease can be seen as a negentropic disturbance of the informational flow in the body. Outer waves can too be such a disturbance. "The estimation of the sensitivity of a biological system boils down to the level of intrinsic noise", say Binhi 2002.

Nervous exhaustion or illness
makes the nervous system more sensitive (negative?,acid?) and the protection against stress diminish. Harmful information can then be fed into the organism, as A. S. Presman (1970) said. The effects from different frequencies must be hold apart, because the effects can be quite different. Changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain has been recorded immidiately after exposure. Depended on the intensity of the field, time of exposure, and location of the irradiated part of brain. Ionization effects must also be considered.

The possible mechanisms for the action of an magnetic field will never be fully explored, the possibilities will never be exhausted, acc. to Binhi. Models that can be tested and gives predictions are most important. Diamagnetic orientation, liquid-chrystal effects and redistribution of molecules are just one type.

But also the different structures must be considered separately. As cells, membranes, chromosomes... They have all different resonance oscillations. Binhi 2002, talks of different organization levels, physical and complex adaptional levels. It is the processes that are interesting. Magnetobiological effects may be paradoxal.

Binhi wants to use a classification in 1) phenomenological (mathematical, phase transitions, stochaistic, radiotechnical models), 2)macroscopic (biomagnetite, heat and currents, clusters, superconductivity) and 3) microscopic (charge and spin, collective oscillations, many-body systems, metastable phases, space geometry). The odd thing with magnetic effects is that it is quite impossible to say if they exist as reals or not. Magnetic fields can be massless.

Roffey 1995, divides the problem into two categories:

1. The role of water and counterions in the connective tissue cytoskeletal system. The connective tissue, especially loose connective tissue is extremely important. Roffey writes: the smallest parts of an organism are tied together in a structural and functional continuum. At the base, there is the cytoskeletal system of the cell. This system is attached at the inner wall of the cell membrane to glycoproteins, which extend through to the cell surface. The glycoproteins attach, in turn, to elements of the extracellular ground substance matrix. The ground substance matrix exists within the intervals of the connective tissue fibers. These contiguous elements form the building blocks for larger structures, including larger groups of connective tissues. One can visualize tendons, for example, building from this cellular level to tropocollagens, microfibrils, subfibrils, fibrils, fascicle, tendon, etc. In fact, on examination of any anatomy text, the presence of fascia, a form of connective tissue, is almost universal throughout the body. It surrounds muscles, bones, organs, and nerve fibers. Soft tissues, in particular those containing a great deal of collagen, elastin, or actin, are considered bioviscoelastic solids, with some very interesting elastic properties. Also, many of these proteins are semiconducting. The entire organism should be considered as one structure with respect to its capacity for wave and oscillatory phenomena, although it is obviously not homogenous.

2. The existence of bioplasma; subject to magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) control. Vladimir Binhi‌ writes in 'THEORETICAL CONCEPTS IN MAGNETOBIOLOGY' 2001: "It is well known that weak, about 1 G and less, magnetic fields (MFs) cause a biological response. Processes of different hierarchic levels of a living organism, from molecular (bio)physical to complex adaptive biological processes, contribute essentially to the effect of MFs on biology. In biophysics, separate magnetosensitive processes at the fundamental level of interaction of fields and substance are studied. It is exactly at this level that complex spectral or “window” modes of the relation between biophysical processes and biologically significant MF parameters originate."

Analogies with plasma physics: Plasma is sensitive to magnetic and electric fields, to wave acoustics, operational mechanics, and to gravitational fields and temperature, depending on its chemical composition. Its exceptional selectivity and responsiveness, through alteration of its own state, make plasma the ideal carrier system of information within living organisms.

This sort of plasma is basically diamagnetic; there are however, many factors which may locally produce paramagnetism. In the evolution of biological systems, several things were probably important: a) the growth of the number of electrical components forming the plasma; b) and the accumulation of paramagnetics and the formation of temporary paramagnetic centers in diamagnetic organic compounds.

Bioplasma can be thought of as an "averaged-out" state of all the energetic factors resulting from metabolism. In a semiconductive proteinaceous aqueous environment, ions, drift of charges, etc. contribute to the overall "bioplasma." In the process of evolution, the number of electrical and magnetic components which contributed to the formation of this form of plasma increased with the evolution of the organism. Bioplasma is not plasma in the strict physics sense of the word, yet displays some physical properties.

A good example of an accumulation of paramagnetics is the pyrolysis reaction which yields condensed pyridine rings. This has been studied experimentally in polyacrylonitrile. The reaction of pyridine latticization is enhanced by the presence of Fe, Cu and Cr atoms or by irradiation. The products of pyrolysis are paramagnetic, containing approximately 1019 unpaired electrons per gram of substance, even though the polymer is diamagnetic before pyrolysis. Nature presumably makes use of the same properties of heterocyclic rings in forming complexes involving Fe in the case of heme, cyto-chromium or catalase, Cu in the case of hemocyanine, Mg in chlorophyll (Mn?), and Co in cobalamine (B12). Cu is linked to inflammation. Derivatives of pyridine have found extensive application in the organization of vital processes. Annular complexes with charge transfer, formed from aromatic amines and quinones with quadruple substitution, molecular oxygen, photexcited molecules in metastable triplet states, some organo-transition metal chelates, are other examples of paramagnetics. Research on charge-transfer paramagnetism is novel, we are still referring to semiconducting polymers.

Experimental attempts to prove the reality of bioplasma have strong roots in Russia since 1968. Magnetic fluctuation and the concomitant emission of weak radiation are only different pictures of the same plasma discontinuity. Paramagnetic centers are quantum-mechanically "mobile," and vary according to the general magnetic state of the system and radiation. The term "plasmon", popular in solid state physics (an analog of excited states such as exciton or polaron) may be adequate for describing the biological oscillation in terms of plasma.

The U.S. AiResearch Manufacturing Co have a brief categorization of bio-communicating fields:
To discover the "carrier mechanism" of this capacity, the AiResearch team undertook what it called "a short speculative study" and decided that three methods were "compatible with current modern physics." These included:
(1) Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves;
(2) Neutrinos, based on the photon theory of neutrinos;
(3) Quantum-mechanical (alpha decay) waves, based on schizo-physical interpretation of basic Quantum Mechanics theory.
The report said that experiments in the United States and the Soviet Union in this field point to the ELF/VLF mechanisms, but "the other two possibilities cannot be ruled out."

Matti Pitkänen: There are several kinds of frequencies: for instance:
*Cyclotron frequencies: control of biological body by magnetic body.
*Josephson frequencies assigned with Josephson junctions assignable to either cell membrane or identifies the flux tubes connecting lipids (membrane) to DNA nucleotides: communication of sensory data to cell membrane from magnetic body.
* The harmonics of the fundamental frequencies assignable to causal diamonds (body) and coming as octaves and assignable to elementary particles in zero energy ontology. Signal is received by sub-CD when the frequency corresponds to this kind of frequency so that it acts like radio receiver.

References in Part III.